One of the not so common issues I encountered with the Core edition of CentOS was the pc speaker - - the vast majority of the time sound means little when the machine has been virtualised.
I quickly realised that the relevant alsa tools are (expectantly) not provided and need to be installed.
Doing a quick search for alsamixer with yum brings up the 'alsa-utils' package:
sudo yum provides alsamixer
sudo yum -y install alsa-utils
We can then use the alsamixer utility to adjust the speaker volume:
alsamixer
or if we prefer to do it via command line we can issue:
amixer set <sound-card-name> Mute | Unmute
(Use the 'axmixer' command on it's own to view available sound devices.)
To ensure the changes persist across reboot we should issue:
alsactl store
Unfortunately the system beeps (which will quickly drive you mad when working from the console) persisted - this can be done either by using the setterm utility:
setterm -blength 0
or we can simply disable the speaker module all together with:
rmmod -v pcspkr
and to ensure the changes persist we should add this module to the blacklist:
echo 'blacklist pcspkr' >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist
I realise there are alternative methods to do this - however this was the easiest and most efficient for myself.
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